{"id":56,"date":"2015-06-09T14:12:36","date_gmt":"2015-06-09T14:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/researchbdev.wpengine.com\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/?page_id=56"},"modified":"2024-05-28T16:36:39","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T16:36:39","slug":"the-early-childhood-behavior-questionnaire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/instrument-descriptions\/the-early-childhood-behavior-questionnaire\/","title":{"rendered":"The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The ECBQ grew from an effort to supplement the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (TBAQ), which was developed by Dr. Hill Goldsmith at the University of Wisconsin and described in the <i>Child Development<\/i> article, &#8220;Studying temperament via construction of the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire&#8221; (Goldsmith, 1996).The new instrument includes scales developed by Dr. Rothbart and her students that measure several aspects of temperament not included in the TBAQ.<\/p>\n<p>A preliminary form of the ECBQ was given to 138 parents of toddlers in 1998 and 1999.\u00a0Based on the findings from that effort, existing scales were revised and new scales were added. A second experimental form was administered to 320 parents in 2000. Analysis of this form resulted in the final version of the ECBQ, which contains 18 scales and 201 items. Because the new measure only overlaps slightly with the TBAQ, the instrument has been named The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) to avoid confusion. Short (107 items; 18 scales) and Very Short (36 items; 3 broad scales) forms of the ECBQ were developed in 2009.<\/p>\n<p>In 2011, Jennifer Vu adapted the Very Short Form of the ECBQ for use with preschool teachers. Her adaptation is available on our download page.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"style1\">The following non-English versions of the ECBQ are available for download: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An\u00a0<strong>Arabic<\/strong> version of the ECBQ,\u00a0<em>translated by Andrea Berger at Ben-Gurion University of Negev<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Bulgarian<\/strong> version of the ECBQ <strong>Very Short<\/strong> Form (pdf).\u00a0 <em>Translated by Victoria Georgieva Ivaylova<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Chinese <\/strong>version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Dr. Qinmei Xu and the Research Group in Child Development, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, China<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Chinese (Taiwan usage)<\/strong> version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Keng-Ling Lay, Su-Ying Huang, and Pi-Ju Liu, of National Taiwan University<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Czech<\/strong> version of the ECBQ <strong>Very Short <\/strong>Form, <em>translated by Milo\u0148 Potm\u011b\u0161il and Petra Potm\u011b\u0161ilov\u00e1 of Palacky University in Olomouc<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Danish <\/strong> version of the ECBQ <strong>Short <\/strong>Form, <em>translated by Marianne Thode Krogh, supervised by <span lang=\"EN-US\">Mette V\u00e6ver<\/span>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Dutch <\/strong>version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Renee de Kruif, Tine Willekens, and Leen de Schuymer\u00a0et al. at Ghent University (Belgium).<\/em><\/li>\n<li>An <strong>Estonian<\/strong> version of the ECBQ <strong>Very Short<\/strong> Form (pdf). <em>Translated by Astra Schults<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Finnish<\/strong> version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Katri Raikkonen-Talvitie and the Developmental Psychology Research Group of University of Helsinki<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>French (European)<\/strong> version of the ECBQ <strong>Very Short<\/strong> Form, <em>translated by Louise Goupil<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>French (Quebec)<\/strong> version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by J. Laurin, M. P. Gosselin, and D.R. Forman <\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>German<\/strong> versions of the ECBQ <strong>Standard<\/strong> and <strong>Very Short<\/strong> Forms,\u00a0<em>translated by Conny Kirchhoff <\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Hebrew<\/strong> version of the ECBQ <strong>Very Short Form<\/strong><em>, translated by Ariel Knafo<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Hungarian<\/strong> versions of the ECBQ <strong>Short<\/strong> and <strong>Very Short<\/strong> Forms, <em>translated by Krisztina Lakatos<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Italian<\/strong> versions of the ECBQ <strong>Standard, Short, and Very Short <\/strong>Forms<em>, translated by Rosario Montirosso, Patrizia Cozzi, Menesini Ersilia, and Pamela Calussi <\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Japanese<\/strong> version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Astuko Nakagawa<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Korean<\/strong> version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Ji Young Lim and Yun-Jin Bae<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Lithuanian<\/strong> versions of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Dalia Nasvytiene<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Maltese<\/strong> version of the ECBQ,<em> translated by Ingrid Grech Lanfranco<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Norwegian (Bokmal)<\/strong> translations of select ECBQ scales<em>, translated independently by (A) Elhame Mohsenian and Zahra Tabibi; and by (B) Vebeke Ottesen, Harald Janson, and Ane Naerde <\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Persian<\/strong> versions of the ECBQ <strong>Short Form<\/strong>, <em>translated by Elhame Mohsenian and Zahra Tabibi (first version), and Arezoo Ghoreishizadeh, Nasser Aminabadi, and Mohammadali Ghoreishizadeh (alternate version)<br \/>\n<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Polish<\/strong> version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Malgorzata Stepien-Nycz at Jagiellonian University<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Portuguese (Brazilian)<\/strong> versions of the ECBQ <strong>Standard, Short and Very Short<\/strong> Forms , <em>translated by Vivian Caroline Klein and Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares <\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Russian<\/strong> version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Helena Slobodskaya <\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Spanish (Chilean)<\/strong> version of the ECBQ<strong> Very Short <\/strong>Form, <em>translated by Chamarrita Farkas at The Psychology School of the Pontifica Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Spanish (European)<\/strong> version of the<strong> Standard<\/strong>\u00a0ECBQ, <em>translated by Miguel Carrasco and revised by Carmen Gonzalez-Salinas,\u00a0<\/em>with <strong>Short and Very Short<\/strong> forms derived by Miguel Carrasco<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Spanish (Mexican)<\/strong> version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Vianey Mendez <\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Swedish<\/strong> versions of the ECBQ <strong>Standard, Short and Very Short <\/strong>Forms, <em>translated by Eric Zander <\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Tagalog<\/strong> version of the ECBQ <strong>Short<\/strong> Form, <em>translated by Lionbridge Organization under the direction of Nick Hays<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Taiwanese <\/strong>version of the ECBQ <strong>Short<\/strong> Form, <em>translated by Pei-Ling Wang at the University of Taipei<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Turkish<\/strong> version of the ECBQ, <em>translated by Ibrahim Acar and Emine Ahmetoglu<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>The Questionnaire<\/h3>\n<p>The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire has been designed to assess temperament in children between the ages of 18 and 36 months.The ECBQ assesses the following dimensions of temperament:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Activity Level\/Energy: <\/b>Level (rate and intensity) of gross motor\u00a0activity, including rate and extent of locomotion.<\/li>\n<li><b>Attentional Focusing:<\/b> Sustained duration of orienting on an object of\u00a0attention; resisting distraction.<\/li>\n<li><b>Attentional Shifting: <\/b>The ability to transfer attentional focus from\u00a0one activity\/task to another.<\/li>\n<li><b>Cuddliness:<\/b> Child\u2019s expression of enjoyment in and molding\u00a0of the body to being held by a caregiver.<\/li>\n<li><b>Discomfort:<\/b> Amount of negative affect related to sensory qualities\u00a0of stimulation, including intensity, rate or complexity of\u00a0light, sound, texture.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fear:<\/b> Negative affect,\u00a0including unease, worry, or nervousness related to anticipated<br \/>\npain or distress and\/or potentially threatening situations;\u00a0startle to sudden events.<\/li>\n<li><b>Frustration:<\/b> Negative affect related to interruption of ongoing\u00a0tasks or goal blocking.<\/li>\n<li><b>High-intensity Pleasure: <\/b>Pleasure or enjoyment related to situations involving<br \/>\nhigh stimulus intensity, rate, complexity, novelty and incongruity.<\/li>\n<li><b>Impulsivity:<\/b> Speed of response initiation.<\/li>\n<li><b>Inhibitory Control:<\/b> The capacity to stop, moderate,\u00a0or refrain from a behavior under instruction.<\/li>\n<li><b>Low-intensity Pleasure:<\/b> Pleasure or enjoyment related\u00a0to situations involving low stimulus intensity, rate, complexity,\u00a0novelty and incongruity.<\/li>\n<li><b>Motor Activation:<\/b> Repetitive small-motor movements;\u00a0fidgeting.<\/li>\n<li><b>Perceptual Sensitivity:<\/b> Detection of slight, low intensity\u00a0stimuli from the external environment.<\/li>\n<li><b>Positive Anticipation: <\/b>Excitement about expected pleasurable\u00a0activities.<\/li>\n<li><b>Sadness:<\/b> Tearfulness or lowered mood related to exposure\u00a0to personal suffering, disappointment, object loss, loss of approval,\u00a0or response to other&#8217;s suffering.<\/li>\n<li><b>Shyness:<\/b> Slow or inhibited approach and\/or discomfort\u00a0in social situations involving novelty or uncertainty.<\/li>\n<li><b> Sociability:\u00a0 <\/b>Seeking and taking pleasure in interactions with others.<\/li>\n<li><b> Soothability:\u00a0 <\/b>Rate of recovery from peak distress, excitement, or general arousal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>For questions regarding the <strong>ECBQ<\/strong>, contact <a href=\"mailto:sputnam@bowdoin.edu\">Samuel Putnam<\/a> at sputnam@bowdoin.edu (postal mail: Department of Psychology, Bowdoin College, 6900 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011)<\/p>\n<p>Please note that these questionnaires are to be used for research purposes only. If you are interested in acquiring current versions of these instruments, we request that you first complete our <a href=\"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/request-forms\/\">request form<\/a>, providing us with a brief description of your plans for use of the measures. Following the completion of your research, we request that you contact us to inform us of the results of your project as they relate to the temperament scales.In this way, we hope to coordinate attempts at validation of the scales.<\/p>\n<p>Documentation:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/files\/2016\/09\/ecbq_article.pdf\">Putnam, S. P., Gartstein, M.A., &amp; Rothbart, M. K, (2006). \u00a0Measurement of fine-grained aspects of toddler temperament: The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. \u00a0Infant Behavior and Development, 29 (3), 386-401.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/files\/2016\/09\/ICIS_2010_ECBQ_sf_poster.pdf\">Putnam, S. P., Jacobs, J., Gartstein, M. A., &amp; Rothbart, M. K. (2010, March). Development and assessment of short and very short forms of the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Poster presented at International Conference on Infant Studies, Baltimore, MD.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The ECBQ grew from an effort to supplement the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (TBAQ), which was developed by Dr. Hill Goldsmith at the University of Wisconsin and described in the Child Development article, &#8220;Studying temperament via construction of the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire&#8221; (Goldsmith, 1996).The new instrument includes scales developed by Dr. Rothbart and her [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":16,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-56","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.bowdoin.edu\/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}